更换yum仓库源

• cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
• rm -f dvd.repo
• wget 或者
• curl -O
• yum list

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1. 删除之前我们设置的本地源dvd.repo

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# rm dvd.reporm：是否删除普通文件 "dvd.repo"？y

2. 将之前备份的文件拷贝到yum.repos下

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d.bak/* ./[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# lsCentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repoCentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo

3. CentOS-Base.repo 这个配置文件就是我们要设置的网络源，先将它备份一下。

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# mv CentOS-Base.repo Centos-Base.repo.bak

4. 下载一个163的yum源，因为之前将CentOS-Base.repo重命名了，使用wget下载需要安装wget包，但是我们这个时候yum是没办法安装wget包的，所以可以curl –O 来下载：

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed100  1572  100  1572    0     0   7651      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  7820[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# lsCentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Sources.repoCentOS-Base.repo.bak       CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Vault.repoCentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-Media.repo

5. 编辑看下配置文件

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo

6. 清理之前本地yum缓存

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all已加载插件：fastestmirror正在清理软件源： base extras updatesCleaning up everythingCleaning up list of fastest mirrors

7. 安装zsh包

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y zsh已加载插件：fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile正在解决依赖关系--> 正在检查事务---> 软件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-28.el7 将被 安装--> 解决依赖关系完成依赖关系解决================================================================================= Package        架构              版本                     源               大小=================================================================================正在安装: zsh            x86_64            5.0.2-28.el7             base            2.4 M事务概要=================================================================================安装  1 软件包总下载量：2.4 M安装大小：5.6 MDownloading packages:zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm                               | 2.4 MB  00:00:02Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction  正在安装    : zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64                                      1/1  验证中      : zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64                                      1/1已安装:  zsh.x86_64 0:5.0.2-28.el7完毕！

8. yum list //生成yum缓存

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安装扩展源epel

• yum install -y epel-release
• yum list |grep epel

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# yum list |grep epel|head -15 * epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hkepel-release.noarch                     7-9                            @extras0ad.x86_64                              0.0.22-1.el7                   epel0ad-data.noarch                         0.0.22-1.el7                   epel0install.x86_64                         2.11-1.el7                     epel2048-cli.x86_64                         0.9.1-1.el7                    epel2048-cli-nocurses.x86_64                0.9.1-1.el7                    epel2ping.noarch                            3.2.1-2.el7                    epel389-admin.x86_64                        1.1.46-1.el7                   epel389-admin-console.noarch                1.1.12-1.el7                   epel389-admin-console-doc.noarch            1.1.12-1.el7                   epel389-adminutil.x86_64                    1.1.21-2.el7                   epel389-adminutil-devel.x86_64              1.1.21-2.el7                   epel389-console.noarch                      1.1.18-1.el7                   epel389-ds.noarch                           1.2.2-6.el7                    epel

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yum下载rpm包

• yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly
• ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/
• yum install -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路径
• yum reinstall -y 包名 --downloadonly --downloaddir=路径

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有时候我们需要下载rpm包，而仅仅是复制给其他机器使用，yum工具安装rpm包时，首先下载这个rpm包，然后再去安装，所以我们可以做到只下载而不安装。

1. 下载rpm包而不安装的命令如下：# yum install -y 2ping.noarch --downloadonly

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y 2ping.noarch --downloadonly已加载插件：fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk正在解决依赖关系--> 正在检查事务---> 软件包 2ping.noarch.0.3.2.1-2.el7 将被 安装--> 解决依赖关系完成依赖关系解决================================================================================= Package          架构              版本                   源               大小=================================================================================正在安装: 2ping            noarch            3.2.1-2.el7            epel             62 k事务概要=================================================================================安装  1 软件包总下载量：62 k安装大小：204 kBackground downloading packages, then exiting:警告：/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm.2289.tmp: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 352c64e5: NOKEY2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm.2289.tmp 的公钥尚未安装2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm                              |  62 kB  00:00:01exiting because "Download Only" specified

yum默认下载到/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/XXX/packages/ 下面；这里的XXX指的是base，updates，epel等，它跟yum list最右侧的字符串一致。

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/2ping-3.2.1-2.el7.noarch.rpm     zmap-2.1.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpmhiredis-0.12.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

2. 下载到指定的目录下：--downloaddir=目录

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y zmap --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/已加载插件：fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk正在解决依赖关系--> 正在检查事务---> 软件包 zmap.x86_64.0.2.1.1-1.el7 将被 安装--> 正在处理依赖关系 libhiredis.so.0.12()(64bit)，它被软件包 zmap-2.1.1-1.el7.x86_64 需要--> 正在检查事务---> 软件包 hiredis.x86_64.0.0.12.1-1.el7 将被 安装--> 解决依赖关系完成依赖关系解决================================================================================================ Package               架构                 版本                       源                  大小================================================================================================正在安装: zmap                  x86_64               2.1.1-1.el7                epel               124 k为依赖而安装: hiredis               x86_64               0.12.1-1.el7               epel                29 k事务概要================================================================================================安装  1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包)总下载量：154 k安装大小：378 kBackground downloading packages, then exiting:exiting because "Download Only" specified[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp1.txt.bz21.txt.gz1.txt.xz222hiredis-0.12.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpmsystemd-private-7d28b5738df345b0bb18e85cef932021-vmtoolsd.service-43orfAtestyum_save_tx.2017-11-14.23-50.Av9TET.yumtxyum_save_tx.2017-11-14.23-50.ClMWHy.yumtxyum_save_tx.2017-11-14.23-56.v0Q9N8.yumtxzmap-2.1.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

如果已经安装过的包使用—downloadnoly就不起作用了，他会提示这个包已经安装过了，根本下载不下来：

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y tree --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/已加载插件：fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk软件包 tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本无须任何处理

3. 如果就是想下载已经安装过过的RPM包，使用命令reinstall

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y tree --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/已加载插件：fastestmirrorLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk正在解决依赖关系--> 正在检查事务---> 软件包 tree.x86_64.0.1.6.0-10.el7 将被 已重新安装--> 解决依赖关系完成依赖关系解决================================================================================================ Package            架构                 版本                          源                  大小================================================================================================重新安装: tree               x86_64               1.6.0-10.el7                  base                46 k事务概要================================================================================================重新安装  1 软件包总下载量：46 k安装大小：87 kBackground downloading packages, then exiting:tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm                                             |  46 kB  00:00:00exiting because "Download Only" specified[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/1.txt.bz21.txt.gz1.txt.xz222hiredis-0.12.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpmsystemd-private-7d28b5738df345b0bb18e85cef932021-vmtoolsd.service-43orfAtesttree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64.rpm

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源码包安装

• cd /usr/local/src/
• wget
• tar zxvf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
• cd httpd-2.2.32
• ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
• make
• make install
• 卸载就是删除安装的文件

解包后，我们开始安装前要查看 INSTALL ；REDME 两个安装指导文件，查看怎么安装， 安装源码包通常有3个步骤:

./configure //这一步可以定制功能，./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 定义安装目录 make //编译成电脑识别的二进制文件 make install //用于创建相关软件的存放目录和配置文件

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1. 下载源码包

[root@linux-128 yum.repos.d]# cd /usr/local/src/[root@linux-128 src]# wget https://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz--2017-11-15 00:26:41--  https://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz正在解析主机 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)... 101.6.6.177, 2402:f000:1:416:101:6:6:177正在连接 mirrors.cnnic.cn (mirrors.cnnic.cn)|101.6.6.177|:443... 已连接。已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK长度：7684419 (7.3M) [application/octet-stream]正在保存至: “httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz”100%[======================================================>] 7,684,419   1.20MB/s 用时 7.3s2017-11-15 00:26:49 (1.00 MB/s) - 已保存 “httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz” [7684419/7684419])[root@linux-128 src]# lshttpd-2.2.34.tar.gz

注意：将源码包移动到/usr/local/src 下；约定，将源码包都放在这个文件下

2. 解包

[root@linux-128 httpd-2.2.34]# tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz[root@linux-128 src]# lshttpd-2.2.34  httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz[root@linux-128 src]# cd httpd-2.2.34[root@linux-128 httpd-2.2.34]# lsABOUT_APACHE  CHANGES        httpd.dsp       libhttpd.dep  NOTICE            serveracinclude.m4  config.layout  httpd.mak       libhttpd.dsp  NWGNUmakefile     srclibApache.dsw    configure      httpd.spec      libhttpd.mak  os                supportbuild         configure.in   include         LICENSE       README            testBuildAll.dsp  docs           INSTALL         Makefile.in   README.platforms  VERSIONINGBuildBin.dsp  emacs-style    InstallBin.dsp  Makefile.win  README-win32.txtbuildconf     httpd.dep      LAYOUT          modules       ROADMAP

1 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2

[root@linux-128 httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2checking for chosen layout... Apachechecking for working mkdir -p... yeschecking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuchecking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuchecking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuConfiguring Apache Portable Runtime library ...checking for APR... reconfigconfiguring package in srclib/apr nowchecking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuchecking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuchecking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuConfiguring APR libraryPlatform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuchecking for working mkdir -p... yesAPR Version: 1.5.2checking for chosen layout... aprchecking for gcc... nochecking for cc... nochecking for cl.exe... noconfigure: error: in `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.34/srclib/apr':configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATHSee `config.log' for more detailsconfigure failed for srclib/apr

注意： checking for gcc... no；没有安装gcc编译器

[root@linux-128 httpd-2.2.34]# yum install -y gcc[root@linux-128 httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2

• 验证是否成功命令：echo $?,返回值0，说明没有问题。

[root@linux-128 httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?0

2 进行编译：make

[root@linux-128 httpd-2.2.34]# make

• 执行完后可以echo $？ ,0表示正常

[root@linux-128 httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?0

3 安装：make install

[root@linux-128 httpd-2.2.34]# make install

• 执行完后可以echo $？ ,0表示正常

[root@linux-128 httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?0

查看apache2目录

[root@linux-128 httpd-2.2.34]# ls /usr/local/apache2/bin  build  cgi-bin  conf  error  htdocs  icons  include  lib  logs  man  manual  modules

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